Molecular Iodine Has Extrathyroidal Effects as an Antioxidant, Differentiator, and Immunomodulator

Cocoa: antioxidant and immunomodulator.

Cocoa, a product consumed since 600 BC, is now a subject of increasing interest because of its antioxidant properties, which are mainly attributed to the content of flavonoids such as ( - )-epicatechin, catechin and procyanidins. Moreover, recent findings suggest a regulatory effect of cocoa on the immune cells implicated in innate and acquired immunity. Cocoa exerts regulatory activity on the ...

Leptin as an immunomodulator.

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine that links nutritional status with neuroendocrine and immune functions. In humans, leptin influences energy homeostasis and regulates neuroendocrine function primarily in states of energy deficiency. Initially described as an antiobesity hormone, leptin has subsequently been shown also to influence basal metabolism, hematopoiesis, thermogenesis, r...

Iodine-containing Compounds of Extrathyroidal Tissues.

Methimazole As an Antioxidant and Immunomodulator in Thyroid Cells: Mechanisms Involving Interferon- Signaling and H2O2 Scavenging

The antithyroid drug, methimazole (MMI) is used to treat patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The major action of MMI is to inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland. However, MMI also has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects on thyrocytes and/or immune cells. This study identifies novel antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of MMI involving the interferon(IFN) signalin...

Role of Iodine as an Antioxidant in Evolution

www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive Vol 21, No. 2, June 2013 INTRODUCTION Iodine is the required element in the diet richest in electrons. Inorganic iodides are necessary for all living vegetable and animal cells, but only the Vertebrates have the thyroid gland and its iodinated hormones. In humans, the total amount of iodine is about 15-50 mg and roughly 80 % is located in the thyroid gland (1, 2). The U...